Iraq, long known as the cradle of civilization, is beginning to unlock the potential of its vast historical, cultural, and religious heritage—this time with a renewed focus on tourism as a tool for economic diversification and global re-engagement.
From centuries-old mosques and churches to one of the Arab world’s oldest universities, Baghdad’s Saray Square is a window into Iraq’s rich past. Yet, the area also reflects decades of conflict, from car bombings on Muttannabi Street in 2007 to violent protests on Rasheed Street in 2019—events that kept tourists away for years.
But the situation is shifting. As Iraq enters a period of relative stability, the country is preparing for a major comeback. In late February, officials kicked off celebrations marking Baghdad’s designation as the 2025 Arab Capital of Tourism, a title awarded by the Arab Tourism Organization. Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani received a symbolic key from Oman, last year’s titleholder, and declared Iraq’s return to the global tourism map.
“Thanks to the sacrifices of its people, Iraq has reclaimed its rightful position as an influential nation, attracting tourists from around the world to experience its rich civilizations,” said al-Sudani.
Tourism as a Path Away from Oil Dependence
Like many oil-dependent countries, Iraq is seeking to diversify its economy and reduce reliance on public-sector jobs. Tourism already contributes around 3% of Iraq’s GDP, mostly driven by religious tourism, which brings in 6 to 10 million visitors annually, mainly from Iran and Turkey.
The Iraqi government now aims to increase that contribution to 10% by expanding into cultural, historical, and leisure tourism—a move inspired by neighboring countries like Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, and the UAE, where tourism accounts for 7–9% of national income.
Since 2021, Iraq has eased visa restrictions for over 30 countries, offering visa-on-arrival access. As a result, 400,000 international visitors came for cultural or leisure tourism last year alone.
Growing Demand from Arab Tourists and Locals
While Western tourists and influencers are helping reshape Iraq’s image abroad, the biggest immediate opportunity lies in attracting Arab travelers. A turning point came in early 2023 when Iraq hosted the Gulf Cup in Basra, opening the door to cultural tourism from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and other Gulf nations.
“That’s when we really saw Arab visitors come for more than just religious reasons,” said Diyar Talal, co-founder of the Iraqi Traveler’s Cafe (ITC), a social tourism forum with over 100,000 followers.
Local interest in Iraq’s heritage is also growing. Ali al-Makhzomy, founder of Bil Weekend, a Baghdad-based tour agency, began his business in 2016 to serve domestic travelers.
“Now, around 20,000 Iraqis visit ancient sites like Babylon each month,” he noted. “There are so many opportunities—from local crafts to culinary experiences.”
Yet, infrastructure still lags behind. Many major attractions lack even basic gift shops or cafes. For example, at the Iraq National Museum, home to one of the world’s oldest literary artifacts, the only souvenir available is a dusty postcard.
Challenges Remain, but the Potential is Clear
Despite the progress, Iraq still faces significant obstacles. Many Western countries advise against travel, and visa policies remain inconsistent for Arab nationals not attending special events. Broader issues like climate change, ongoing regional instability, and inadequate public infrastructure also complicate efforts to grow the sector.
“We don’t have a national tourism vision like Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030,” said Talal of ITC. “Without that kind of strategy, real change is difficult.”
“Tourism is more than just guiding,” added al-Makhzomy. “It’s a whole industry—hotels, transport, food, services—and we need investment and a long-term plan to make it work.”
A Moment of Opportunity
With six UNESCO World Heritage Sites, breathtaking natural landscapes, unmatched archeological significance, and famously hospitable locals, Iraq has everything it needs to become a tourism success story.
The path forward requires vision, investment, and coordination—but the seeds of transformation are already being planted.
Source: DW.com
